基因總覽
TERT(telomerase reverse transcriptase)是蛋白質編碼基因,其產物屬於逆轉錄酶家族的端粒酶亞家族。它是端粒酶核糖核蛋白酶複合體的催化成分;端粒酶由蛋白質與 RNA 組成,TERT 因而是其蛋白質部分。端粒酶在多數真核生物中參與染色體末端的複製。TERT 的蛋白質序列包含逆轉錄酶結構域、RNA 互作區域及與寡聚化相關的區域,並具有雙部分核定位訊號。這些特徵概括了它作為端粒酶催化成分的分子身分;其延長端粒的具體方式與細胞中的相關作用,另於功能說明。
基因異名與舊稱
異名取自 HGNC,可能包含歷史名稱;蛋白質名稱以 UniProt 註解為準。
染色體位置與基因結構
查看實際轉錄本與 exon 註解
| Transcript | Genomic coordinates | Exons |
|---|---|---|
| ENST00000310581 ★ | 1,253,167–1,295,068 | 16 |
| ENST00000922985 | 1,253,167–1,295,085 | 16 |
| ENST00000922986 | 1,253,167–1,295,085 | 17 |
| ENST00001133345 | 1,253,167–1,295,085 | 16 |
| ENST00000334602 | 1,253,728–1,294,989 | 15 |
顯示 5/5 個蛋白質編碼轉錄本;canonical 優先。
帶型與著絲點依 Ensembl 座標繪製;核染色體長度以 GRCh38 第 1 號染色體為共同尺度。黃色標記表示本基因位置,細小區間加粗以利辨識;實際基因長度與 exon 見下方資料。
分子功能與生物學過程
TERT 是端粒酶全酶複合體的催化成分。端粒酶透過逆轉錄作用延長染色體末端:TERT 以酵素內 RNA 成分所含的序列為模板,在染色體 3′ 端合成端粒重複序列;在人類端粒酶的描述中,重複單位為六個核苷酸的 5′-TTAGGG-3′。這種 RNA 依賴的延伸有助於複製染色體末端,而端粒酶在多數真核生物中對此過程不可或缺。
催化循環包括引子結合與延伸。當新生產物到達模板邊界時,產物可釋放;另一種情況是新生產物轉位,之後再進一步延伸。含有兩或三個端粒重複序列的受質上,端粒酶活性較高。反應式所概括的化學反應為 DNA 鏈增加一個核苷酸,並伴隨二磷酸生成。
端粒酶在祖細胞與癌細胞中有活性,在正常體細胞中則不活化或活性很低。其活性受多種因素調節,包括與端粒酶複合體相關的蛋白質、分子伴護蛋白及多肽修飾因子。TERT 也被描述為可調節 Wnt 訊號,並在老化與抗細胞凋亡方面具有重要作用;來源未進一步說明這些作用的分子機制。
Promoter 與基因調控
>TERT ENST00000310581 GRCh38 chr5:1294968-1296068 strand=-1 5′→3′ 相對 TSS:-1000 到 +100 bp;1101 bp 依轉錄本 TSS 擷取的基因組序列;TSS = 0,兩端包含,未驗證為 promoter GCCCCAGGTCTGGAGGGGACCAGTGGCCGTGTGGCTTCTACTGCTGGGCTGGAAGTCGGGCCTCCTAGCT CTGCAGTCCGAGGCTTGGAGCCAGGTGCCTGGACCCCGAGGTTGCCCTCCACCCTGTGCGGGCGGGATGT GACCAGATGTTGGCCTCATCTGCCAGACAGAGTGCCGGGGCCCAGGGTCAAGGCCGTTGTGGCTGGTGTG AGGCGCCCGGTGCGCGGCCAGCAGGAGCGCCTGGCTCCATTTCCCACCCTTTCTCGACGGGACCGCCCCG GTGGGTGATTAACAGATTTGGGGTGGTTTGCTCATGGTGGGGACCCCTCGCCGCCTGAGAACCTGCAAAG AGAAATGACGGGCCTGTGTCAAGGAGCCCAAGTCGCGGGGAAGTGTTGCAGGGAGGCACTCCGGGAGGTC CCGCGTGCCCGTCCAGGGAGCAATGCGTCCTCGGGTTCGTCCCCAGCCGCGTCTACGCGCCTCCGTCCTC CCCTTCACGTCCGGCATTCGTGGTGCCCGGAGCCCGACGCCCCGCGTCCGGACCTGGAGGCAGCCCTGGG TCTCCGGATCAGGCCAGCGGCCAAAGGGTCGCCGCACGCACCTGTTCCCAGGGCCTCCACATCATGGCCC CTCCCTCGGGTTACCCCACAGCCTAGGCCGATTCGACCTCTCTCCGCTGGGGCCCTCGCTGGCGTCCCTG CACCCTGGGAGCGCGAGCGGCGCGCGGGCGGGGAAGCGCGGCCCAGACCCCCGGGTCCGCCCGGAGCAGC TGCGCTGTCGGGGCCAGGCCGGGCTCCCAGTGGATTCGCGGGCACAGACGCCCAGGACCGCGCTTCCCAC GTGGCGGAGGGACTGGGGACCCGGGCACCCGTCCTGCCCCTTCACCTTCCAGCTCCGCCTCCTCCGCGCG GACCCCGCCCCGTCCCGACCCCTCCCGGGTCCCCGGCCCAGCCCCCTCCGGGCCCTCCCAGCCCCTCCCC TTCCTTTCCGCGGCCCCGCCCTCTCCTCGCGGCGCGAGTTTCAGGCAGCGCTGCGTCCTGCTGCGCACGT GGGAAGCCCTGGCCCCGGCCACCCCCGCGATGCCGCGCGCTCCCCGCTGCC
EPDnew 實驗支持 promoter/TSS · 1 筆
| EPDnew ID | TSS(1-based) | 股向 | 來源顯示區間 |
|---|---|---|---|
| TERT_1 ↗ | 5:1,295,053 | 負股 | 1,295,043–1,295,102 |
EPDnew human v006 · UCSC hg38,GRCh38/hg38,透過 UCSC 取得。TSS 具有 CAGE/RAMPAGE 等實驗資料支持;任意擷取的上下游區間仍需另行判讀調控功能,不能視為整段皆經功能驗證。
EPD 封存狀態 ↗ · UCSC 資料說明 ↗ · EPD team, SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics; UCSC Genome Browser · CC BY 4.0
查看已取得的調控/motif 註解
ENSR5_B8WK · enhancer · 1289213–1290141 · regulatory
ENSR5_B8WP · enhancer · 1290286–1291154 · regulatory
ENSR5_832NH · enhancer · 1291615–1291798 · regulatory
ENSR5_832QG · promoter · 1294979–1295149 · regulatory
ENSR5_C5GP · enhancer · 1295150–1296421 · regulatory
· motif · 1292039–1292053 · motif
· motif · 1292039–1292053 · motif
· motif · 1294778–1294791 · motif
· motif · 1294988–1295001 · motif
· motif · 1295181–1295194 · motif
· motif · 1295226–1295242 · motif
· motif · 1295226–1295242 · motif
· motif · 1295477–1295492 · motif
· motif · 1296786–1296808 · motif
· motif · 1296786–1296808 · motif
· motif · 1296916–1296928 · motif
· motif · 1296918–1296925 · motif
· motif · 1296918–1296933 · motif
· motif · 1296980–1296991 · motif
· motif · 1297462–1297475 · motif
· motif · 1297462–1297475 · motif
· motif · 1297609–1297624 · motif
· motif · 1297714–1297726 · motif
· motif · 1297716–1297723 · motif
· motif · 1297767–1297778 · motif
· motif · 1298780–1298793 · motif
· motif · 1298780–1298793 · motif
TERT 受細胞狀態與刺激影響:細胞毒性事件可使其活化,老化期間則下調。在周邊 T 淋巴球中,CD3 與 PMA/ionomycin 可誘導其表現;herbimycin B 則會抑制。
蛋白質結構域與序列
參考蛋白質長度:1132 aa
TERT 蛋白長 1,132 個胺基酸,屬於逆轉錄酶家族的端粒酶亞家族。其 605–935 位胺基酸區段為逆轉錄酶結構域;N 端含 RNA-interacting domain 1,另有 RNA-interacting domain 2。蛋白質中還標註了與寡聚化、引子抓握及 CTE 相關的區域,以及雙部分核定位訊號。這些區域註解描述其序列架構,不代表來源已提供各區段的完整作用機制。
蛋白質三維結構
細胞內定位
TERT 在核質中呈瀰漫分布,部分細胞類型的核仁中較為富集,也可在染色體端粒、PML bodies 與細胞質被檢出。 其核與細胞質間的移動會隨細胞週期、磷酸化狀態、轉化及 DNA 損傷而改變。 氧化壓力相關的 Tyr-707 磷酸化可促進其經核孔移至細胞質;SHP2 去磷酸化此位點則使 TERT 留在細胞核。 AKT 磷酸化與其移入細胞核相關。
深綠色圓點:來源記載的蛋白質定位;數量不表示含量。
未繪示構造:Chromosome, telomere。這些構造未在通用細胞圖中標點,仍保留來源定位名稱。
動物細胞結構示意;器官大小與數量不按比例。點選細胞構造可查看定位註解。
交互作用與訊號網絡
拖曳節點後放開可帶動位置變化;點選夥伴查看證據。位置與連線長度不代表結合強度,圖中未推定夥伴彼此之間的關係。
更多交互作用夥伴 · 已取得 10 個夥伴
- CTNNB1P35222 · UniProt INTERACTION · 2 experiments
- GNL3Q9BVP2 · UniProt INTERACTION · 3 experiments
- NPM1P06748 · UniProt INTERACTION · 5 experiments
- PINX1Q96BK5 · UniProt INTERACTION · 6 experiments
- PMLP29590-5 · UniProt INTERACTION · 7 experiments
- RUVBL1Q9Y265 · UniProt INTERACTION · 11 experiments
- SMARCA4P51532 · UniProt INTERACTION · 8 experiments
- TPP1O14773-1 · UniProt INTERACTION · 2 experiments
- UPF1Q92900 · UniProt INTERACTION · 3 experiments
- E6P03126 · UniProt INTERACTION · 7 experiments
TERT 是端粒酶全酶的組成成分;該複合體含一個 TERT、一個 WRAP53/TCAB1、兩個各由 DKC1、NOP10、NHP2 與 GAR1 組成的 H/ACA 核糖核蛋白複合體,以及 RNA 模板成分 TERC。全酶另與 TEP1、SMG6/EST1A 及 POT1 相關。HSP90/P23 分子伴護複合體則參與活性端粒酶的正確組裝與穩定。TERT 也與 HSP90A、PTGES3、HSPA1A、RAN、XPO1、PTPN11 及 NUCLEOLIN 等蛋白質互作;其中 HSPA1A 的互作發生於 TERC 缺席時,複合體形成後即解離。這些互作與組裝、定位或活性調節等關係相關,並非皆代表相同的功能效果。
疾病與遺傳關聯
端粒酶活化被認為與細胞永生化及癌細胞致病過程有關,但這項關聯不等同於單一因果結論。TERT 變異與多種疾病相關:變異與再生不良性貧血及皮膚惡性黑色素瘤的易感性有關,也與冠狀動脈疾病相關。常染色體顯性與隱性先天性角化不全症分別有被列為 TERT 變異所致的疾病,兩者均涉及端粒維持缺陷,可伴隨進行性骨髓衰竭及皮膚、指甲和黏膜表徵。另有常染色體顯性、端粒相關肺纖維化及/或骨髓衰竭症候群,與端粒縮短相關;肺纖維化是其最常見表現,表型、發病年齡與嚴重程度受端粒長度影響。
Contextual Functional Evidence Matrix
矩陣以「功能主張」為列,以細胞情境、干預條件、量測結果與證據來源為欄,方便比較同一功能在不同條件下的支持情形。只有含情境與實驗資訊的紀錄會列入矩陣;一般功能註解另列於下方。
功能註解總覽 · 12 筆
| 功能面向 | 功能敘述 | 證據類型 | 可查核來源 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 功能 | 端粒酶是多數真核生物複製染色體末端所需的核糖核蛋白酶;TERT 為其催化成分,以酵素 RNA 作模板延伸染色體 3′ 端,加入 5′-TTAGGG-3′ 六核苷酸重複單位。催化循環含引子結合、延伸及產物釋放或轉位後再延伸;對含兩或三個端粒重複的受質活性較高。其活性受相關蛋白質、伴護蛋白及多肽修飾因子調節,並涉及 Wnt 訊號、老化與抗細胞凋亡。 | 含實驗來源 | 證據與來源Telomerase is a ribonucleoprotein enzyme essential for the replication of chromosome termini in most eukaryotes. Active in progenitor and cancer cells. Inactive, or very low activity, in normal somatic cells. Catalytic component of the teleromerase holoenzyme complex whose main activity is the elongation of telomeres by acting as a reverse transcriptase that adds simple sequence repeats to chromosome ends by copying a template sequence within the RNA component of the enzyme. Catalyzes the RNA-dependent extension of 3'-chromosomal termini with the 6-nucleotide telomeric repeat unit, 5'-TTAGGG-3'. The catalytic cycle involves primer binding, primer extension and release of product once the template boundary has been reached or nascent product translocation followed by further extension. More active on substrates containing 2 or 3 telomeric repeats. Telomerase activity is regulated by a number of factors including telomerase complex-associated proteins, chaperones and polypeptide modifiers. Modulates Wnt signaling. Plays important roles in aging and antiapoptosis PMID 14963003 ↗ · PMID 15082768 ↗ · PMID 15857955 ↗ · PMID 17026956 ↗ · PMID 17264120 ↗ · PMID 17296728 ↗ · PMID 17548608 ↗ · PMID 19188162 ↗ · PMID 19567472 ↗ · PMID 19571879 ↗ · PMID 19777057 ↗ · PMID 9389643 ↗ |
| 分子活性 | DNA(n) + a 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate = DNA(n+1) + diphosphate | 含實驗來源 | 證據與來源DNA(n) + a 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate = DNA(n+1) + diphosphate PMID 21602826 ↗ · PMID 29695869 ↗ |
| 交互作用 | TERT 是端粒酶全酶的催化成分;複合體含 TERC、WRAP53/TCAB1 及 H/ACA 核糖核蛋白亞基等,也與 TEP1、SMG6/EST1A、POT1 相關。HSP90/P23 有助全酶組裝與穩定。TERT 與多種蛋白質互作,關係涉及核輸出或保留、核仁定位、訊號調節及端粒酶活性;其中 HSPA1A 互作在 TERC 缺席時發生,複合體形成後解離。 | 含實驗來源 | 證據與來源Catalytic component of the telomerase holoenzyme complex composed of one molecule of TERT, one molecule of WRAP53/TCAB1, two molecules of H/ACA ribonucleoprotein complex subunits DKC1, NOP10, NHP2 and GAR1, and a telomerase RNA template component (TERC). The telomerase holoenzyme complex is associated with TEP1, SMG6/EST1A and POT1. The molecular chaperone HSP90/P23 complex is required for correct assembly and stabilization of the active telomerase. Interacts directly with HSP90A and PTGES3. Interacts with HSPA1A; the interaction occurs in the absence of TERC and dissociates once the complex has formed. Interacts with RAN; the interaction promotes nuclear export of TERT. Interacts with XPO1. Interacts with PTPN11; the interaction retains TERT in the nucleus. Interacts with NUCLEOLIN (via RRM1 and C-terminal RRM4/Arg/Gly-rich domains); the interaction is important for nucleolar localization of TERT. Interacts with SMARCA4 (via the bromodomain); the interaction regulates Wnt-mediated signaling (By similarity). Interacts with MCRS1 (isoform MCRS2); the interaction inhibits in vitro telomerase activity. Interacts with PIF1; the interaction has no effect on the elongation activity of TERT (By similarity). Interacts with PML; the interaction recruits TERT to PML bodies and inhibits telomerase activity. Interacts with GNL3L (By similarity). Interacts with isoform 1 and isoform 2 of NVL. Interacts with DHX36. Interacts with ATF7 PMID 11274138 ↗ · PMID 12808100 ↗ · PMID 15044100 ↗ · PMID 15371412 ↗ · PMID 18829466 ↗ · PMID 19179534 ↗ · PMID 19567472 ↗ · PMID 20351177 ↗ · PMID 21846770 ↗ · PMID 22226966 ↗ · PMID 29490055 ↗ · PMID 29695869 ↗ |
| 細胞定位 | TERT 可位於細胞核、核仁、核質、染色體端粒、細胞質及 PML bodies;核質中呈瀰漫分布,部分細胞類型的核仁較為富集。核與細胞質間穿梭依細胞週期、磷酸化狀態、轉化及 DNA 損傷而變。氧化壓力相關的 Tyr-707 磷酸化促進其經 CRM1/RAN 依賴途徑移至細胞質;SHP2 去磷酸化使其留在細胞核,AKT 磷酸化則促進其移入細胞核。 | 含實驗來源 | 證據與來源Nucleus, nucleolus; Nucleus, nucleoplasm; Nucleus; Chromosome, telomere; Cytoplasm; Nucleus, PML body; Shuttling between nuclear and cytoplasm depends on cell cycle, phosphorylation states, transformation and DNA damage. Diffuse localization in the nucleoplasm. Enriched in nucleoli of certain cell types. Translocated to the cytoplasm via nuclear pores in a CRM1/RAN-dependent manner involving oxidative stress-mediated phosphorylation at Tyr-707. Dephosphorylation at this site by SHP2 retains TERT in the nucleus. Translocated to the nucleus by phosphorylation by AKT PMID 22226966 ↗ |
| 調控 | TERT 可受細胞毒性事件活化,並在老化期間下調。在周邊 T 淋巴球中,CD3 與 PMA/ionomycin 可誘導其表現;herbimycin B 則會抑制。 | 含實驗來源 | 證據與來源Activated by cytotoxic events and down-regulated during aging. In peripheral T-lymphocytes, induced By CD3 and by PMA/ionomycin. Inhibited by herbimycin B PMID 8676067 ↗ |
| 疾病關聯 | 端粒酶活化被認為與細胞永生化及癌細胞致病過程有關;此描述指出關聯,並未單獨確立其為上述過程的直接或唯一原因。 | 資料庫紀錄 | 證據與來源Activation of telomerase has been implicated in cell immortalization and cancer cell pathogenesis |
| 疾病關聯 | 再生不良性貧血是骨髓無法產生足量周邊血液成分的貧血,特徵包括周邊全血球減少與骨髓低增生。TERT 相關變異與此病的易感性有關;來源描述的是疾病風險關聯。 | 含實驗來源 | 證據與來源Aplastic anemia AA A form of anemia in which the bone marrow fails to produce adequate numbers of peripheral blood elements. It is characterized by peripheral pancytopenia and marrow hypoplasia. Disease susceptibility is associated with variants affecting the gene represented in this entry MIM: 609135 PMID 15885610 ↗ · PMID 16627250 ↗ · PMID 16990594 ↗ · PMID 19760749 ↗ |
| 疾病關聯 | TERT 的遺傳變異與冠狀動脈疾病(CAD)相關。此項資料描述的是變異與疾病的關聯,未提供特定變異或因果機制。 | 資料庫紀錄 | |
| 疾病關聯 | 常染色體顯性先天性角化不全症第 2 型是與端粒維持缺陷相關的罕見多系統疾病,TERT 變異被列為致病原因。表現包括進行性骨髓衰竭,以及網狀皮膚色素沉著、指甲營養不良和黏膜白斑;其他表現可變,包含肺或肝纖維化等。 | 含實驗來源 | 證據與來源Dyskeratosis congenita, autosomal dominant, 2 DKCA2 A rare multisystem disorder caused by defective telomere maintenance. It is characterized by progressive bone marrow failure, and the clinical triad of reticulated skin hyperpigmentation, nail dystrophy, and mucosal leukoplakia. Common but variable features include premature graying, aplastic anemia, low platelets, osteoporosis, pulmonary fibrosis, and liver fibrosis among others. Early mortality is often associated with bone marrow failure, infections, fatal pulmonary complications, or malignancy. The disease is caused by variants affecting the gene represented in this entry MIM: 613989 PMID 15885610 ↗ · PMID 16247010 ↗ · PMID 21602826 ↗ |
| 疾病關聯 | 常染色體顯性端粒相關肺纖維化及/或骨髓衰竭症候群與端粒縮短相關,TERT 變異被列為致病原因。肺纖維化最常見,也可能有再生不良性貧血、肝纖維化及癌症風險增加;表型、發病年齡與嚴重程度受端粒長度影響。 | 含實驗來源 | 證據與來源Pulmonary fibrosis, and/or bone marrow failure syndrome, telomere-related, 1 PFBMFT1 An autosomal dominant disease associated with shortened telomeres. Pulmonary fibrosis is the most common manifestation. Other manifestations include aplastic anemia due to bone marrow failure, hepatic fibrosis, and increased cancer risk, particularly myelodysplastic syndrome and acute myeloid leukemia. Phenotype, age at onset, and severity are determined by telomere length. The disease is caused by variants affecting the gene represented in this entry MIM: 614742 PMID 15814878 ↗ · PMID 17392301 ↗ · PMID 17460043 ↗ · PMID 21436073 ↗ · PMID 21483807 ↗ · PMID 22512499 ↗ |
| 疾病關聯 | 常染色體隱性先天性角化不全症第 4 型是嚴重的罕見多系統疾病,與端粒維持缺陷有關,TERT 變異被列為致病原因。其特徵包括進行性骨髓衰竭,以及網狀皮膚色素沉著、指甲營養不良和黏膜白斑;其他表現程度不一。 | 含實驗來源 | 證據與來源Dyskeratosis congenita, autosomal recessive, 4 DKCB4 A severe form of dyskeratosis congenita, a rare multisystem disorder caused by defective telomere maintenance. It is characterized by progressive bone marrow failure, and the clinical triad of reticulated skin hyperpigmentation, nail dystrophy, and mucosal leukoplakia. Common but variable features include premature graying, aplastic anemia, low platelets, osteoporosis, pulmonary fibrosis, and liver fibrosis among others. Early mortality is often associated with bone marrow failure, infections, fatal pulmonary complications, or malignancy. The disease is caused by variants affecting the gene represented in this entry MIM: 613989 PMID 16332973 ↗ · PMID 17785587 ↗ · PMID 18042801 ↗ · PMID 21602826 ↗ |
| 疾病關聯 | 皮膚惡性黑色素瘤第 9 型是黑色素細胞的惡性腫瘤,可新發或由既有良性痣發展,最常見於皮膚,也可能出現在其他部位。TERT 相關變異與此病易感性有關;來源未將此關聯描述為直接因果。 | 含實驗來源 | 證據與來源Melanoma, cutaneous malignant 9 CMM9 A malignant neoplasm of melanocytes, arising de novo or from a pre-existing benign nevus, which occurs most often in the skin but may also involve other sites. Disease susceptibility is associated with variants affecting the gene represented in this entry MIM: 615134 PMID 23348503 ↗ |
核酸與蛋白質序列
CTCTCCTCGCGGCGCGAGTTTCAGGCAGCGCTGCGTCCTG40CTGCGCACGTGGGAAGCCCTGGCCCCGGCCACCCCCGCGA80TGCCGCGCGCTCCCCGCTGCCGAGCCGTGCGCTCCCTGCT120GCGCAGCCACTACCGCGAGGTGCTGCCGCTGGCCACGTTC160GTGCGGCGCCTGGGGCCCCAGGGCTGGCGGCTGGTGCAGC200GCGGGGACCCGGCGGCTTTCCGCGCGCTGGTGGCCCAGTG240CCTGGTGTGCGTGCCCTGGGACGCACGGCCGCCCCCCGCC280GCCCCCTCCTTCCGCCAGGTGTCCTGCCTGAAGGAGCTGG320TGGCCCGAGTGCTGCAGAGGCTGTGCGAGCGCGGCGCGAA360GAACGTGCTGGCCTTCGGCTTCGCGCTGCTGGACGGGGCC400CGCGGGGGCCCCCCCGAGGCCTTCACCACCAGCGTGCGCA440GCTACCTGCCCAACACGGTGACCGACGCACTGCGGGGGAG480CGGGGCGTGGGGGCTGCTGCTGCGCCGCGTGGGCGACGAC520GTGCTGGTTCACCTGCTGGCACGCTGCGCGCTCTTTGTGC560TGGTGGCTCCCAGCTGCGCCTACCAGGTGTGCGGGCCGCC600GCTGTACCAGCTCGGCGCTGCCACTCAGGCCCGGCCCCCG640CCACACGCTAGTGGACCCCGAAGGCGTCTGGGATGCGAAC680GGGCCTGGAACCATAGCGTCAGGGAGGCCGGGGTCCCCCT720GGGCCTGCCAGCCCCGGGTGCGAGGAGGCGCGGGGGCAGT760GCCAGCCGAAGTCTGCCGTTGCCCAAGAGGCCCAGGCGTG800GCGCTGCCCCTGAGCCGGAGCGGACGCCCGTTGGGCAGGG840GTCCTGGGCCCACCCGGGCAGGACGCGTGGACCGAGTGAC880CGTGGTTTCTGTGTGGTGTCACCTGCCAGACCCGCCGAAG920AAGCCACCTCTTTGGAGGGTGCGCTCTCTGGCACGCGCCA960cDNA 使用 DNA 字母 T;mRNA 模式改以 U 顯示。轉錄本保留已註解的非編碼區,未另外加入 poly(A) 尾;非編碼 RNA 的參考轉錄本也可能仍需後續加工。數字為所選序列的 1-based 位置。長序列以黃色捲軸瀏覽,可複製或下載完整轉錄本與蛋白質;基因組 DNA 隨捲動取得所需範圍。