基因總覽
RAR related orphan receptor C 是由 RORC 編碼的蛋白質,屬於核荷爾蒙受體家族的 NR1 亞家族。它是核受體,可直接參與基因轉錄調控;其結構包含核受體 DNA 結合區、NR LBD,以及 AF-2 motif。蛋白質序列另有被註釋為無序的區段。RORC 的生物學角色涵蓋免疫、細胞分化與代謝等面向;更具體的 DNA 辨識方式與調控作用,見下方功能說明。
基因異名與舊稱
異名取自 HGNC,可能包含歷史名稱;蛋白質名稱以 UniProt 註解為準。
染色體位置與基因結構
查看實際轉錄本與 exon 註解
| Transcript | Genomic coordinates | Exons |
|---|---|---|
| ENST00000318247 ★ | 151,806,071–151,831,802 | 11 |
| ENST00000356728 | 151,806,071–151,826,096 | 10 |
| ENST00000652040 | 151,806,071–151,831,845 | 10 |
| ENST00000859918 | 151,806,071–151,831,845 | 11 |
| ENST00000859919 | 151,806,071–151,831,845 | 11 |
| ENST00000859920 | 151,806,071–151,831,845 | 10 |
| ENST00000859921 | 151,806,071–151,831,845 | 11 |
| ENST00000859922 | 151,806,071–151,831,845 | 4 |
| ENST00001116456 | 151,814,317–151,831,845 | 6 |
顯示 9/9 個蛋白質編碼轉錄本;canonical 優先。
帶型與著絲點依 Ensembl 座標繪製;核染色體長度以 GRCh38 第 1 號染色體為共同尺度。黃色標記表示本基因位置,細小區間加粗以利辨識;實際基因長度與 exon 見下方資料。
分子功能與生物學過程
RORC 蛋白可作為單體結合 DNA 上的 ROR response elements(RORE)。這些序列包含單一核心半位點 5'-AGGTCA-3',前方帶有短的富含 A-T 序列。RORC 具有內在轉錄活性;氧固醇等天然配體可調節其作用,例如 25-hydroxycholesterol 作為促效劑增強轉錄活性,而 7-oxygenated sterols 作為反向促效劑抑制活性。它會依組織、時間與啟動子情境,在目標基因調控區募集不同組合的輔因子,調整基因表現。
在周邊組織,RORC 以具組織選擇性的方式調節 CRY1、BMAL1 與 NR1D1 等時鐘基因的節律性表現。它與 NR1D1 競爭部分時鐘基因上共用的 DNA 反應元件;NR1D1 可抑制轉錄,RORC 則可促進轉錄,兩者的相對作用形成時鐘基因表現節律,並影響生理時鐘的週期長度與穩定性。RORC 也參與 PLIN2、AVPR1A 等脂質與葡萄糖代謝相關基因的節律調控,並調節 PROX1 的節律性表現及促進其進入細胞核。
在脂肪細胞中,RORC 透過調節 MMP3 等早期基因,負向調控脂肪細胞分化;它也控制脂肪生成與脂肪細胞大小,並在肥胖時調節胰島素敏感性。在肝臟,RORC 與 RORA 具有部分特異、部分冗餘的功能,可正向或負向調整參與脂質、類固醇及外源物質代謝的第一期與第二期蛋白質相關基因表現,例如 SULT1E1;此外也透過 G6PC1 與 PCK1 等基因參與肝細胞葡萄糖代謝調控。
RORC 對免疫發育與免疫調節亦具重要作用。它是胸腺生成及淋巴結、Peyer’s patches 等次級淋巴組織發育所必需,也支持 LTi 細胞生成,並透過結合靶基因啟動子上的 RORE、經 AF-2 募集共活化因子來調節胸腺細胞存活。在 IL6 與 TGFB 下游,RORC 與 RORA 協同促使未承諾的 CD4(+) T-helper 細胞分化為 T(H)17 細胞,並拮抗 T(H)1 程式;它可能透過結合 IL17-IL17F 基因座的 CNS2 增強子調節 IL17 與 IL17F 表現。
在抗原呈現細胞中,RORC 受到未知配體活化後,可募集 PRDM16 或 ZBTB46 等轉錄調節因子,推動周邊誘導型調節 T 細胞分化。這些細胞有助於維持對腸道共生微生物與食物抗原的耐受,並抑制相關發炎反應。RORC 也在 IFN-gamma 依賴的全身性抗分枝桿菌免疫誘導中不可或缺;此外,來源指出它可能參與 pre-TCR 活化級聯反應及 TCR-J(alpha) 基因座 DNA 可及性的調節。
Promoter 與基因調控
>RORC ENST00000318247 GRCh38 chr1:151831702-151832802 strand=-1 5′→3′ 相對 TSS:-1000 到 +100 bp;1101 bp 依轉錄本 TSS 擷取的基因組序列;TSS = 0,兩端包含,未驗證為 promoter TGGCTGACTCCTGCTCTGCTGTTTACCAGCTGGGAACGAGAGCAGGAGGAGGTGCCAGGGAGCCTCTTGC TGCAGCCTGGCCCCTGGCCAGTTGCTTGTTGGGTAACCAGGAGAGTCAGGCCCAGCTAATCAAACTCTGG GCCCAGGCCATGCAGGAGAAAAGCAGCACCAGGATCCCCAGAAGCCTCGTCCTCTTGGCCCCCTTCAGAG CCTTCACTGCAGGCCTCAGTGTGGGCCACTAGGTCTGGGAGCCTCTCCTTCTCCCAATGAGTCCAGTGCA GCATCTCTCCTCTCCTCTTCCCCACCATGGCTTCTCTGCCTCCAGGCACTCCTCCAGGCCTGCCCCTTGC CCCAACAGATGAGGAGCACGTAGAAGCATCAGGGGGTCAGGGAGTCCTGGCAAGAGCAGCAAGGGTTAGG GGCAGGGGCCGAGCAGGCAGAGGCCTCAGGGAACTGAACAGTCACTGGGAGGAGTCTGACTGCATCCTAG AGAAGAGACACAGTCCCCCAAACCTGCCCTCTCCATCTCCCCTATGCCTGTCACCTGTCTTAGGTAGAAA TCACAGGATTCTAAAGTCACAAAGACTTGGGTCCAAATCATAGCTCACCCATTTATTGTTCTTGTGTGAG TCCTTGGGCAAAATCATTAATATCTCTGAGAATCCCTCCACTCACTGATCAATCTGGAATAATAATGTTT CCCTGTGGTGGGTGCTGTGAATATTTACACAAAGTAAAAGCATGGATTTACATAAAGTGTCCTGCAAAGG GCCCAGCACACAGTAAGTGATTAATAAATGCTAGTTCCCTTCCTTTCTCCTGTCCTGTTTCTCCTCAAGG CTCCATGCACTGGTCCACTGGTCTCTCCTCATGTCCCCTCCTGGTGCCAGGACACTCTGCCAGCCACTCC TTTTCCCTGCCTGCTGGAGGGCCAGGTGCTCCCGCCTTCCACCCTCCGCCCTCCTCCCTCCCCTGGGCCC TGCTCCCTGCCCTCCTGGGCAGCCAGGGCAGCCAGGACGGCACCAAGGGAGCTGCCCCATGGACAGGGCC CCACAGAGACAGCACCGAGCCTCACGGGGTAAGAGGCCCATGGCCCTGCCT
EPDnew 實驗支持 promoter/TSS · 2 筆
| EPDnew ID | TSS(1-based) | 股向 | 來源顯示區間 |
|---|---|---|---|
| RORC_2 ↗ | 1:151,826,096 | 負股 | 151,826,086–151,826,145 |
| RORC_1 ↗ | 1:151,831,798 | 負股 | 151,831,788–151,831,847 |
EPDnew human v006 · UCSC hg38,GRCh38/hg38,透過 UCSC 取得。TSS 具有 CAGE/RAMPAGE 等實驗資料支持;任意擷取的上下游區間仍需另行判讀調控功能,不能視為整段皆經功能驗證。
EPD 封存狀態 ↗ · UCSC 資料說明 ↗ · EPD team, SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics; UCSC Genome Browser · CC BY 4.0
查看已取得的調控/motif 註解
ENSR1_86GJ7R · enhancer · 151828580–151828731 · regulatory
ENSR1_CK3R2 · enhancer · 151828917–151830052 · regulatory
ENSR1_94895H · promoter · 151830452–151830954 · regulatory
ENSR1_B355KC · enhancer · 151830955–151831791 · regulatory
ENSR1_53BP86M · CTCF_binding_site · 151831278–151831299 · regulatory
ENSR1_86GJ9N · promoter · 151831792–151831981 · regulatory
ENSR1_B355KJ · enhancer · 151832547–151833077 · regulatory
ENSR1_53BP8ZN · CTCF_binding_site · 151836039–151836060 · regulatory
ENSR1_53BP94B · CTCF_binding_site · 151836609–151836633 · regulatory
· motif · 151828500–151828515 · motif
· motif · 151828625–151828637 · motif
· motif · 151828755–151828770 · motif
· motif · 151828761–151828773 · motif
· motif · 151831280–151831296 · motif
· motif · 151832449–151832462 · motif
· motif · 151833029–151833044 · motif
· motif · 151834186–151834199 · motif
· motif · 151834439–151834449 · motif
· motif · 151834441–151834451 · motif
· motif · 151834444–151834454 · motif
· motif · 151834490–151834505 · motif
· motif · 151835819–151835834 · motif
· motif · 151835819–151835834 · motif
· motif · 151836041–151836057 · motif
· motif · 151836611–151836627 · motif
· motif · 151836614–151836630 · motif
RORC 在肥胖狀態下表現上調。
蛋白質結構域與序列
參考蛋白質長度:518 aa
RAR related orphan receptor C 屬於核荷爾蒙受體家族 NR1 亞家族,蛋白質長 518 個胺基酸。其核受體 DNA 結合區位於第 31–96 位,含兩個 NR C4-type zinc finger;NR LBD 位於第 269–508 位,AF-2 motif 位於第 501–506 位。另有第 1–30 位的調節區,以及被註釋為無序的第 105–183 位與第 238–258 位區段。
蛋白質三維結構
細胞內定位
RAR related orphan receptor C 位於細胞核。
深綠色圓點:來源記載的蛋白質定位;數量不表示含量。
動物細胞結構示意;器官大小與數量不按比例。點選細胞構造可查看定位註解。
交互作用與訊號網絡
拖曳節點後放開可帶動位置變化;點選夥伴查看證據。位置與連線長度不代表結合強度,圖中未推定夥伴彼此之間的關係。
更多交互作用夥伴 · 已取得 4 個夥伴
- NCOA1Q15788 · UniProt INTERACTION · 2 experiments
- PSMC5P62195 · UniProt INTERACTION · 3 experiments
- Bmal1Q9WTL8 · UniProt INTERACTION · 2 experiments
- ClockO08785 · UniProt INTERACTION · 2 experiments
RAR related orphan receptor C 可透過 AF-2 motif 與共活化因子 NCOA2、NCOA1 及 PPARGC1A 互作;這些共活化因子透過 LXXLL motif 參與互作。它也與共抑制因子 NCOR1、CRY1、PROX1、FOXP3 及 NR0B2 互作。來源未對所有互作逐一說明其是否構成同一複合體。
疾病與遺傳關聯
RORC 相關變異可造成 Immunodeficiency 42(IMD42),這是一種自體隱性原發性免疫缺陷,患者較易同時發生念珠菌症與分枝桿菌感染。念珠菌症可造成皮膚、指甲及黏膜持續或反覆感染;分枝桿菌感染則可由 BCG 疫苗菌株、環境中的非結核分枝桿菌或 Mycobacterium tuberculosis 引起。接種 BCG 的患者特別有發生播散性分枝桿菌感染的風險。
Contextual Functional Evidence Matrix
矩陣以「功能主張」為列,以細胞情境、干預條件、量測結果與證據來源為欄,方便比較同一功能在不同條件下的支持情形。只有含情境與實驗資訊的紀錄會列入矩陣;一般功能註解另列於下方。
功能註解總覽 · 6 筆
| 功能面向 | 功能敘述 | 證據類型 | 可查核來源 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 功能 | RORC 是核受體,可單體結合含有 5'-AGGTCA-3' 半位點及前置富含 A-T 序列的 RORE,並調控細胞分化、免疫、周邊生理時鐘與多種代謝。25-hydroxycholesterol 可增強、7-oxygenated sterols 可抑制其轉錄活性;其輔因子募集依組織、時間及啟動子而異。RORC 參與時鐘基因及代謝基因的節律調控、脂肪細胞分化與肝臟代謝調節,並在 IFN-gamma 依賴的全身性抗分枝桿菌免疫誘導中不可或缺。 | 含實驗來源 | 證據與來源Nuclear receptor that binds DNA as a monomer to ROR response elements (RORE) containing a single core motif half-site 5'-AGGTCA-3' preceded by a short A-T-rich sequence. Key regulator of cellular differentiation, immunity, peripheral circadian rhythm as well as lipid, steroid, xenobiotics and glucose metabolism. Considered to have intrinsic transcriptional activity, have some natural ligands like oxysterols that act as agonists (25-hydroxycholesterol) or inverse agonists (7-oxygenated sterols), enhancing or repressing the transcriptional activity, respectively. Recruits distinct combinations of cofactors to target gene regulatory regions to modulate their transcriptional expression, depending on the tissue, time and promoter contexts. Regulates the circadian expression of clock genes such as CRY1, BMAL1 and NR1D1 in peripheral tissues and in a tissue-selective manner. Competes with NR1D1 for binding to their shared DNA response element on some clock genes such as BMAL1, CRY1 and NR1D1 itself, resulting in NR1D1-mediated repression or RORC-mediated activation of the expression, leading to the circadian pattern of clock genes expression. Therefore influences the period length and stability of the clock. Involved in the regulation of the rhythmic expression of genes involved in glucose and lipid metabolism, including PLIN2 and AVPR1A. Negative regulator of adipocyte differentiation through the regulation of early phase genes expression, such as MMP3. Controls adipogenesis as well as adipocyte size and modulates insulin sensitivity in obesity. In liver, has specific and redundant functions with RORA as positive or negative modulator of expression of genes encoding phase I and Phase II proteins involved in the metabolism of lipids, steroids and xenobiotics, such as SULT1E1. Also plays a role in the regulation of hepatocyte glucose metabolism through the regulation of G6PC1 and PCK1. Regulates the rhythmic expression of PROX1 and promotes its nuclear localization. Plays an indispensable role in the induction of IFN-gamma dependent anti-mycobacterial systemic immunity PMID 19381306 ↗ · PMID 19965867 ↗ · PMID 20203100 ↗ · PMID 22789990 ↗ · PMID 26160376 ↗ |
| 功能 | RORC 對胸腺生成、部分次級淋巴組織發育及 LTi 細胞生成具有重要作用,並透過 RORE 與 AF-2 相關調控支持胸腺細胞存活。它與 RORA 協同促進 CD4(+) T-helper 細胞分化為 T(H)17,並可能調節 IL17、IL17F;在抗原呈現細胞中,未知配體活化後可促進 pTreg 分化,支持對腸道微生物與食物抗原的耐受。此外,它可能參與 pre-TCR 活化及 TCR-J(alpha) 基因座 DNA 可及性調控。 | 含實驗來源 | 證據與來源Nuclear receptor essential for thymopoiesis and the development of several secondary lymphoid tissues, including lymph nodes and Peyer's patches. Required for the generation of LTi (lymphoid tissue inducer) cells (By similarity). Regulates thymocyte survival through DNA-binding on ROREs of target gene promoter regions and recruitment of coactivaros via the AF-2 (By similarity). Also plays a key role, downstream of IL6 and TGFB and synergistically with RORA, for lineage specification of uncommitted CD4(+) T-helper (T(H)) cells into T(H)17 cells, antagonizing the T(H)1 program. Probably regulates IL17 and IL17F expression on T(H) by binding to the essential enhancer conserved non-coding sequence 2 (CNS2) in the IL17-IL17F locus. Plays a key role in tolerance to gut microbiota and foreign antigens in food by mediating differentiation of peripherally-induced regulatory T-cells (pTreg), which suppress inflammatory responses to commensal microorganisms and food proteins (By similarity). Specifically expressed in antigen-presenting cell populations, such as (1) type 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3s), which are required for tolerance to gut microbiota, (2) Thetis cells, also named Janus cells, which are enriched in gut lymph nodes during early life and are required for oral tolerance, and (3) a subset of dendritic cells (By similarity). Following activation by an unknown ligand in antigen-presenting cells, promotes recruitment of transcription regulators, such as PRDM16 or ZBTB46, and drives differentiation of pTreg cells, which maintain immune tolerance and prevent autoimmune diseases (By similarity). May also play a role in the pre-TCR activation cascade leading to the maturation of alpha/beta T-cells and may participate in the regulation of DNA accessibility in the TCR-J(alpha) locus (By similarity) PMID 21499262 ↗ |
| 交互作用 | RORC 透過 AF-2 motif 與共活化因子 NCOA2、NCOA1、PPARGC1A 互作,這些共活化因子以 LXXLL motif 參與互作;RORC 也與共抑制因子 NCOR1、CRY1、PROX1、FOXP3 及 NR0B2 互作。 | 含實驗來源 | 證據與來源Interacts (via AF-2 motif) with the coactivator NCOA2 (via LXXLL motif). Interacts with the corepressor NCOR1 (By similarity). Interacts with CRY1. Interacts (via AF-2 motif) with the coactivators NCOA1 and PPARGC1A (via LXXLL motif) (By similarity). Interacts (via AF-2 motif) with PROX1 (By similarity). Interacts with FOXP3. Interacts with NR0B2 (By similarity) PMID 18368049 ↗ · PMID 20211758 ↗ · PMID 22170608 ↗ |
| 細胞定位 | RORC 蛋白定位於細胞核。 | 含實驗來源 | |
| 調控 | RORC 在肥胖狀態下表現上調。 | 含實驗來源 | |
| 疾病關聯 | RORC 相關變異可造成自體隱性原發性免疫缺陷 Immunodeficiency 42(IMD42),患者對念珠菌症與分枝桿菌感染較易感。感染可涉及皮膚、指甲及黏膜,或由 BCG 疫苗菌株、環境非結核分枝桿菌及 Mycobacterium tuberculosis 引起;接種 BCG 的患者尤其有播散性感染風險。 | 含實驗來源 | 證據與來源Immunodeficiency 42 IMD42 An autosomal recessive primary immunodeficiency characterized by increased susceptibility to concomitant candidiasis and mycobacteriosis. Candidiasis is characterized by persistent and/or recurrent infections of the skin, nails and mucous membranes caused by organisms of the genus Candida. Mycobacteriosis is characterized by infections caused by moderately virulent mycobacterial species, such as Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccine, environmental non-tuberculous mycobacteria, and by the more virulent Mycobacterium tuberculosis. IMD42 patients vaccinated with BCG are particularly at risk for developing disseminated mycobacterial infections. The disease is caused by variants affecting the gene represented in this entry MIM: 616622 PMID 26160376 ↗ |
核酸與蛋白質序列
AGCCAGGGCAGCCAGGACGGCACCAAGGGAGCTGCCCCAT40GGACAGGGCCCCACAGAGACAGCACCGAGCCTCACGGGAG80CTGCTGGCTGCAAAGAAGACCCACACCTCACAAATTGAAG120TGATCCCTTGCAAAATCTGTGGGGACAAGTCGTCTGGGAT160CCACTACGGGGTTATCACCTGTGAGGGGTGCAAGGGCTTC200TTCCGCCGGAGCCAGCGCTGTAACGCGGCCTACTCCTGCA240CCCGTCAGCAGAACTGCCCCATCGACCGCACCAGCCGAAA280CCGATGCCAGCACTGCCGCCTGCAGAAATGCCTGGCGCTG320GGCATGTCCCGAGATGCTGTCAAGTTCGGCCGCATGTCCA360AGAAGCAGAGGGACAGCCTGCATGCAGAAGTGCAGAAACA400GCTGCAGCAGCGGCAACAGCAGCAACAGGAACCAGTGGTC440AAGACCCCTCCAGCAGGGGCCCAAGGAGCAGATACCCTCA480CCTACACCTTGGGGCTCCCAGACGGGCAGCTGCCCCTGGG520CTCCTCGCCTGACCTGCCTGAGGCTTCTGCCTGTCCCCCT560GGCCTCCTGAAAGCCTCAGGCTCTGGGCCCTCATATTCCA600ACAACTTGGCCAAGGCAGGGCTCAATGGGGCCTCATGCCA640CCTTGAATACAGCCCTGAGCGGGGCAAGGCTGAGGGCAGA680GAGAGCTTCTATAGCACAGGCAGCCAGCTGACCCCTGACC720GATGTGGACTTCGTTTTGAGGAACACAGGCATCCTGGGCT760TGGGGAACTGGGACAGGGCCCAGACAGCTACGGCAGCCCC800AGTTTCCGCAGCACACCGGAGGCACCCTATGCCTCCCTGA840CAGAGATAGAGCACCTGGTGCAGAGCGTCTGCAAGTCCTA880CAGGGAGACATGCCAGCTGCGGCTGGAGGACCTGCTGCGG920CAGCGCTCCAACATCTTCTCCCGGGAGGAAGTGACTGGCT960cDNA 使用 DNA 字母 T;mRNA 模式改以 U 顯示。轉錄本保留已註解的非編碼區,未另外加入 poly(A) 尾;非編碼 RNA 的參考轉錄本也可能仍需後續加工。數字為所選序列的 1-based 位置。長序列以黃色捲軸瀏覽,可複製或下載完整轉錄本與蛋白質;基因組 DNA 隨捲動取得所需範圍。