基因總覽
HDAC6（histone deacetylase 6）是由蛋白質編碼基因 HDAC6 產生的蛋白質，屬於 histone deacetylase family 的 HD type 2 subfamily。來源所列蛋白質長度為 1,215 個胺基酸，具有兩個 histone deacetylase 區域、富含重複序列的 SE14 區域，以及 C 端 UBP-type zinc finger。其功能涵蓋蛋白質去乙醯化，也涉及泛素化蛋白質的處理。HDAC6 的多個區域與特徵，使其能參與不同底物及細胞過程；具體作用方式與生物學影響見功能說明。
基因異名與舊稱
異名取自 HGNC，可能包含歷史名稱；蛋白質名稱以 UniProt 註解為準。
染色體位置與基因結構
查看實際轉錄本與 exon 註解
| Transcript | Genomic coordinates | Exons |
|---|---|---|
| ENST00000334136 ★ | 48,802,067–48,824,976 | 29 |
| ENST00000901894 | 48,801,372–48,824,986 | 31 |
| ENST00001003312 | 48,801,372–48,806,964 | 9 |
| ENST00000423941 | 48,801,377–48,824,986 | 30 |
| ENST00000931401 | 48,801,391–48,824,986 | 30 |
| ENST00000438518 | 48,801,396–48,806,949 | 7 |
| ENST00000376643 | 48,801,700–48,824,986 | 29 |
| ENST00001064268 | 48,801,700–48,806,960 | 8 |
| ENST00000469223 | 48,801,793–48,824,986 | 28 |
| ENST00000376610 | 48,801,949–48,824,986 | 29 |
| ENST00000901895 | 48,801,949–48,824,986 | 28 |
| ENST00000462730 | 48,802,016–48,806,946 | 6 |
顯示 12/58 個蛋白質編碼轉錄本；canonical 優先。
帶型與著絲點依 Ensembl 座標繪製；核染色體長度以 GRCh38 第 1 號染色體為共同尺度。黃色標記表示本基因位置，細小區間加粗以利辨識；實際基因長度與 exon 見下方資料。
分子功能與生物學過程
HDAC6 可去除多種非組蛋白的乙醯基，作用對象包括 tubulin、CTTN、SQSTM1、PRDX1、PRDX2、RIGI、MSH2、MLH1、RHOT1/MIRO1、SP1、KHDRBS1/SAM68、PRDM16 與 TET2。對 alpha-tubulin 的去乙醯化與微管依賴的細胞移動有關，也使動態微管不穩定；在纖毛拆解過程中，HDAC6 透過去乙醯化 alpha-tubulin 發揮必要作用。
HDAC6 去乙醯化 CTTN 後可促進 actin 聚合、自噬體與溶酶體融合，並支持自噬完成。它也會去乙醯化 PRDX1、PRDX2，使兩者的還原活性下降；在有病毒 RNA 時，對 RIGI 的去乙醯化則是 RIGI 偵測病毒 RNA 所需。HDAC6 亦可去乙醯化 RHOT1/MIRO1，阻斷粒線體運輸並抑制軸突生長；去乙醯化 SP1 則提高 ENG 表現，正向調節血管新生。
在 DNA 損傷反應相關過程中，HDAC6 依序去乙醯化並促進 MSH2 多聚泛素化，使 MSH2 降解，降低細胞對 DNA 損傷劑的敏感性及 DNA 錯配修復活性。它對 MLH1 的去乙醯化會阻止 MutL alpha 複合體被招募至 MutS alpha 複合體，進而使細胞容忍 DNA 損傷。當細胞缺乏 valine 時，HDAC6 會移入細胞核並去乙醯化 TET2，促進 TET2 依賴的 DNA 去甲基化，並導致 DNA 損傷。
HDAC6 去乙醯化 KHDRBS1/SAM68，抑制 CD44 替代外顯子納入，因而調節選擇性剪接；在成牙本質細胞分化時，經 IPO7 協助進入細胞核後，HDAC6 會抑制 RUNX2 表現。除去乙醯化外，當錯誤摺疊蛋白過多，無法由伴護蛋白重新摺疊系統及泛素－蛋白酶體清除時，HDAC6 會協助將其運送至核旁的 aggresome，可能作為辨識多聚泛素化錯誤摺疊蛋白的接頭，促進其經自噬清除。SARS-CoV-2 感染時，HDAC6 去乙醯化病毒 N protein，促進其與人類 G3BP1 結合，破壞細胞壓力顆粒形成並有利於病毒複製。
Promoter 與基因調控
>HDAC6 ENST00000334136 GRCh38 chrX:48801067-48802167 strand=1 5′→3′ 相對 TSS：-1000 到 +100 bp；1101 bp 依轉錄本 TSS 擷取的基因組序列；TSS = 0，兩端包含，未驗證為 promoter TCCCGTAACCTCAGTTTCCTTATCTGCAAAGCAGCCTTAATAATGGGAACTACCTCATAGAATTGTGGTT TACAACGATGCCTGTCACATAATACTTGCTATCATTACCATTCCCTGCCCCCACTAAGACTCCTTCCACT CAGAATATTGCGGCAGAATATTAATAGCTAATATTCGGCCAGTGTTTCCTGTGTACCACCATAGTGAATA TTAACTCGGAAAATCCTCACATTTAGCATCGTCACCACGCCTATTTTGGCCGCCACCACCAACGTCCAGT GGCAACCTCGCTCTCGGCCCAGCCACAACCAGCCCGCCCGCGCTACGTCATCACGGCGCGTCGCGCGGGA AGTCGCGGGGAAAAGGTAAGATGCCCCTTCCTAATTCCCTCGCTTCCTTGCTTGCTCTCCAGACACCGCC GACCCGAAGGGCTCCTAAGTGACTGGACAGGGACGGAGGGGCGGCGGCTATGGCATCCGGGACGACAGCG ACGATAGCCGAGGCAAGAAAAAGCTTGCACCGCAGCCCTGTCGGGAACCGCCGGCGCCTGCCTTTTACGT AGGCGCAGCACAGCTGGCGTAGCACGCCGACGCACCGCCCCGTCGCCTGTGAGCTCGCGGTGTGGCTCAG CCCAGCTGGCGTAGCACGCCGACGCACCGCCCCGCCGCTTGTGAGCTCGCGAGAGGTGTGGCTCGCGCGA GGGGCGCGGCCTTGAGGCACGGTCCCCTCTGGAGGCGGGATCTGGGCGGGCAGTCGAGAGACGAGGCCCA ATGGAAAAGAAAAGCCTGAGCGCTCGCGTCCCCACAGGTCGCCAGAAACTTGGTGGAGCGAGCCAAGGGC GGAGTTTGAGAAAGGGGCTGCGTCCAATGAGTGGAGCGGTGAGTACAGCGCGTCGACGGCGGAGGCGGGA AGGGGGCGGAGGCCGACCGAAGGCGGCTAGGGACTGGCTGAAGAGGGTTAGCGAAACGTTAGCGGTCGGG TCTGGGCAGGGGGTGGAGCTGGTTGAAGGAACGGGGCAGTCCCCTGAGGAGCGGGGCTGGTTGAAACGCT AGGGGCGGGATCTGGCGGAGTGGAAGGTACCGGTCCGGCCCGATAAGGGGT
EPDnew 實驗支持 promoter／TSS · 2 筆
| EPDnew ID | TSS（1-based） | 股向 | 來源顯示區間 |
|---|---|---|---|
| HDAC6_2 ↗ | X:48,801,396 | 正股 | 48,801,347–48,801,406 |
| HDAC6_1 ↗ | X:48,802,082 | 正股 | 48,802,033–48,802,092 |
EPDnew human v006 · UCSC hg38，GRCh38/hg38，透過 UCSC 取得。TSS 具有 CAGE／RAMPAGE 等實驗資料支持；任意擷取的上下游區間仍需另行判讀調控功能，不能視為整段皆經功能驗證。
EPD 封存狀態 ↗ · UCSC 資料說明 ↗ · EPD team, SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics; UCSC Genome Browser · CC BY 4.0
查看已取得的調控／motif 註解
ENSRX_BCNHB · enhancer · 48800618–48801361 · regulatory
ENSRX_C6SQ8 · promoter · 48801362–48802703 · regulatory
ENSRX_5FGX4F · CTCF_binding_site · 48802690–48802711 · regulatory
ENSRX_5FGXNX · CTCF_binding_site · 48806260–48806281 · regulatory
· motif · 48800718–48800724 · motif
· motif · 48801085–48801091 · motif
· motif · 48801129–48801137 · motif
· motif · 48801747–48801756 · motif
· motif · 48801748–48801758 · motif
· motif · 48801766–48801776 · motif
· motif · 48801978–48801988 · motif
· motif · 48802055–48802065 · motif
· motif · 48802117–48802127 · motif
· motif · 48802204–48802214 · motif
· motif · 48802554–48802574 · motif
· motif · 48802574–48802584 · motif
· motif · 48802643–48802653 · motif
· motif · 48802650–48802660 · motif
· motif · 48802687–48802700 · motif
· motif · 48802692–48802708 · motif
· motif · 48802839–48802854 · motif
· motif · 48802841–48802854 · motif
· motif · 48804215–48804230 · motif
· motif · 48806262–48806278 · motif
SARS-CoV-2 感染期間，病毒 N protein 會提高 HDAC6 的穩定性，方式是減少其經蛋白酶體降解，因而使 HDAC6 的量上升。
蛋白質結構域與序列
參考蛋白質長度：1215 aa
HDAC6 含有兩個 histone deacetylase 區域，分別位於胺基酸 87–404 與 482–800；另有位於 919–1,016 的七個 SE14 重複序列，以及 1,111–1,209 的 UBP-type zinc finger。C 端另標註兩處 ubiquitin binding 區域。來源並標示 N 端含 nuclear export signal，部分序列區段為無序區。每個次單元可結合三個 Zn(2+) 離子。
蛋白質三維結構
細胞內定位
HDAC6 主要位於細胞質並與微管相關，也可在細胞質與細胞核之間移動。 valine 經由靈長類特有的 SE14 重複區域結合 HDAC6 時，蛋白質留在細胞質；缺乏 valine 則促使其進入細胞核。 增殖細胞中的 HDAC6 被描述為僅位於細胞質，分化時則有一部分進入細胞核；DNA 損傷後也可能移入細胞核。
深綠色圓點：來源記載的蛋白質定位；數量不表示含量。
未繪示構造：Perikaryon；Cell projection, dendrite；Cell projection, axon；Cell projection, cilium。這些構造未在通用細胞圖中標點，仍保留來源定位名稱。
動物細胞結構示意；器官大小與數量不按比例。點選細胞構造可查看定位註解。
交互作用與訊號網絡
拖曳節點後放開可帶動位置變化；點選夥伴查看證據。位置與連線長度不代表結合強度，圖中未推定夥伴彼此之間的關係。
更多交互作用夥伴 · 已取得 18 個夥伴
- ATP13A2Q9NQ11 · UniProt INTERACTION · 2 experiments
- BRMS1Q9HCU9 · UniProt INTERACTION · 2 experiments
- CTNNB1P35222 · UniProt INTERACTION · 4 experiments
- CTTNQ14247 · UniProt INTERACTION · 5 experiments
- CYLDQ9NQC7 · UniProt INTERACTION · 4 experiments
- DCTN1Q14203-5 · UniProt INTERACTION · 6 experiments
- EGFRP00533 · UniProt INTERACTION · 12 experiments
- HTTP42858 · UniProt INTERACTION · 9 experiments
- MYD88Q99836 · UniProt INTERACTION · 6 experiments
- PRKCAP17252 · UniProt INTERACTION · 2 experiments
- PRKNO60260 · UniProt INTERACTION · 6 experiments
- PROM1O43490 · UniProt INTERACTION · 4 experiments · 2 筆來源紀錄
- TARDBPQ13148 · UniProt INTERACTION · 3 experiments
- Cdc20Q62623 · UniProt INTERACTION · 2 experiments
- CttnQ60598 · UniProt INTERACTION · 3 experiments
- GRK2P21146 · UniProt INTERACTION · 3 experiments
- tatP04610 · UniProt INTERACTION · 10 experiments
- TaxP03409 · UniProt INTERACTION · 4 experiments
HDAC6 與 BANP、KHDRBS1/SAM68 形成細胞核三聚體複合體；HDAC6 維持 KHDRBS1/SAM68 的去乙醯化狀態，抑制 CD44 替代外顯子納入。MAPK1/MAPK3 磷酸化 BANP 後，複合體解離並促使 BANP 移至細胞質。HDAC6 也與 SIRT2、UBD、RIPOR2、AURKA、TPPP、ATP13A2 和 IPO7 等蛋白互作；其中 TPPP 會抑制其 tubulin 去乙醯化活性，ATP13A2 則可協助將 HDAC6 招募至溶酶體。SARS-CoV-2 感染時，HDAC6 與 G3BP1 的互作增加，並促進 G3BP1 與病毒 N protein 的關聯。
疾病與遺傳關聯
HDAC6 基因變異與軟骨發育不全伴扁平椎、特異性短指、腦積水及小眼症（CDP-PBHM）有關。疾病特徵包括嚴重扁平椎、腦積水與小眼症，骨骼異常可見掌骨、蹠骨及指（趾）骨的幹骺端特異性杯狀變形。受影響女性的表現較輕，可能身材矮小，並伴隨身體不對稱或輕度智能障礙。
Contextual Functional Evidence Matrix
矩陣以「功能主張」為列，以細胞情境、干預條件、量測結果與證據來源為欄，方便比較同一功能在不同條件下的支持情形。只有含情境與實驗資訊的紀錄會列入矩陣；一般功能註解另列於下方。
功能註解總覽 · 11 筆
| 功能面向 | 功能敘述 | 證據類型 | 可查核來源 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 功能 | HDAC6 去乙醯化多種非組蛋白底物，調節微管與細胞移動、纖毛拆解、自噬及多種蛋白質功能。它也影響 DNA 錯配修復、DNA 損傷耐受、選擇性剪接、血管新生與軸突生長；valine 缺乏時可移入細胞核，去乙醯化 TET2 並促進 DNA 去甲基化。錯誤摺疊蛋白過量時，HDAC6 可能協助其送至 aggresome 並促進自噬清除。 | 含實驗來源 | 證據與來源Deacetylates a wide range of non-histone substrates. Plays a central role in microtubule-dependent cell motility by mediating deacetylation of tubulin. Required for cilia disassembly via deacetylation of alpha-tubulin. Alpha-tubulin deacetylation results in destabilization of dynamic microtubules (By similarity). Promotes deacetylation of CTTN, leading to actin polymerization, promotion of autophagosome-lysosome fusion and completion of autophagy. Deacetylates SQSTM1. Deacetylates peroxiredoxins PRDX1 and PRDX2, decreasing their reducing activity. Deacetylates antiviral protein RIGI in the presence of viral mRNAs which is required for viral RNA detection by RIGI (By similarity). Sequentially deacetylates and polyubiquitinates DNA mismatch repair protein MSH2 which leads to MSH2 degradation, reducing cellular sensitivity to DNA-damaging agents and decreasing cellular DNA mismatch repair activities. Deacetylates DNA mismatch repair protein MLH1 which prevents recruitment of the MutL alpha complex (formed by the MLH1-PMS2 heterodimer) to the MutS alpha complex (formed by the MSH2-MSH6 heterodimer), leading to tolerance of DNA damage. Deacetylates RHOT1/MIRO1 which blocks mitochondrial transport and mediates axon growth inhibition (By similarity). Deacetylates transcription factor SP1 which leads to increased expression of ENG, positively regulating angiogenesis. Deacetylates KHDRBS1/SAM68 which regulates alternative splicing by inhibiting the inclusion of CD44 alternate exons. Deacetylates PRDM16 (By similarity). Acts as a valine sensor by binding to valine through the primate-specific SE14 repeat region. In valine deprivation conditions, translocates from the cytoplasm to the nucleus where it deacetylates TET2 which promotes TET2-dependent DNA demethylation, leading to DNA damage. Promotes odontoblast differentiation following IPO7-mediated nuclear import and subsequent repression of RUNX2 expression (By similarity). In addition to its protein deacetylase activity, plays a key role in the degradation of misfolded proteins: when misfolded proteins are too abundant to be degraded by the chaperone refolding system and the ubiquitin-proteasome, mediates the transport of misfolded proteins to a cytoplasmic juxtanuclear structure called aggresome. Probably acts as an adapter that recognizes polyubiquitinated misfolded proteins and targets them to the aggresome, facilitating their clearance by autophagy. Involved in the MTA1-mediated epigenetic regulation of ESR1 expression in breast cancer PMID 12024216 ↗ · PMID 17604723 ↗ · PMID 17846173 ↗ · PMID 18606987 ↗ · PMID 20308065 ↗ · PMID 24413532 ↗ · PMID 24882211 ↗ · PMID 26080397 ↗ · PMID 26246421 ↗ · PMID 30538141 ↗ · PMID 30770470 ↗ · PMID 31857589 ↗ · PMID 38534334 ↗ · PMID 39567688 ↗ |
| 功能 | SARS-CoV-2 感染時，HDAC6 去乙醯化病毒 N protein，促進病毒 N protein 與人類 G3BP1 的關聯，導致細胞壓力顆粒形成受阻，並有利於病毒複製。 | 含實驗來源 | 證據與來源(Microbial infection) Deacetylates the SARS-CoV-2 N protein which promotes association of the viral N protein with human G3BP1, leading to disruption of cellular stress granule formation and facilitating viral replication PMID 39135075 ↗ |
| 分子活性 | N(6)-acetyl-L-lysyl-[protein] + H2O = L-lysyl-[protein] + acetate | 含實驗來源 | 證據與來源N(6)-acetyl-L-lysyl-[protein] + H2O = L-lysyl-[protein] + acetate PMID 26080397 ↗ · PMID 30538141 ↗ · PMID 30770470 ↗ · PMID 31857589 ↗ |
| 分子活性 | N(6)-acetyl-L-lysyl-[alpha-tubulin] + H2O = L-lysyl-[alpha-tubulin] + acetate | 含實驗來源 | 證據與來源N(6)-acetyl-L-lysyl-[alpha-tubulin] + H2O = L-lysyl-[alpha-tubulin] + acetate PMID 12024216 ↗ · PMID 20308065 ↗ |
| 分子活性 | HDAC6 每個次單元可結合三個 Zn(2+) 離子。 | 資料庫紀錄 | |
| 分子活性 | HDAC6 涉及蛋白質修飾與蛋白質泛素化。 | 資料庫紀錄 | |
| 交互作用 | HDAC6 與 BANP、KHDRBS1/SAM68 形成細胞核三聚體複合體，並透過維持 KHDRBS1/SAM68 去乙醯化抑制 CD44 替代外顯子納入；BANP 磷酸化後移出細胞核會使複合體解離。HDAC6 另與多種蛋白互作，部分互作會調節其 tubulin 去乙醯化、酵素活性、溶酶體招募或細胞核轉位。 | 含實驗來源 | 證據與來源Forms a trimeric complex in the nucleus consisting of BANP, HDAC6 and KHDRBS1/SAM68; HDAC6 keeps KHDRBS1 in a deacetylated state which inhibits the inclusion of CD44 alternate exons. The complex is disrupted by MAPK1/MAPK3-mediated phosphorylation of BANP which results in BANP export to the cytoplasm. This facilitates acetylation of KHDRBS1 and CD44 variant exon inclusion. Interacts with SIRT2 (via both phosphorylated, unphosphorylated, active or inactive forms); the interaction is necessary for the complex to interact with alpha-tubulin. Under proteasome impairment conditions, interacts with UBD via its histone deacetylase 1 and UBP-type zinc-finger regions. Interacts with BBIP1, CBFA2T3, CYLD, DDIT3/CHOP, ZMYND15, F-actin and HDAC11. Interacts with RIPOR2; this interaction occurs during early myogenic differentiation and prevents HDAC6 to deacetylate tubulin. Interacts with AURKA; AURKA-mediated phosphorylation of HDAC6 promotes deacetylation of alpha-tubulin. Interacts with DYSF; this interaction occurs during early myogenic differentiation. Interacts with TPPP; inhibiting the tubulin deacetylase activity of HDAC6. Interacts with DYNLL1. Interacts with ATP13A2; the interaction results in recruitment of HDAC6 to lysosomes to promote CTTN deacetylation. Interacts with CCDC141 (via the N-terminal region); inhibiting the deacetylase activity of HDAC6 (By similarity). Interacts with IPO7; the interaction facilitates HDAC6 nuclear translocation in dental papilla cells (By similarity) PMID 11533236 ↗ · PMID 11948178 ↗ · PMID 12620231 ↗ · PMID 17516032 ↗ · PMID 17604723 ↗ · PMID 17872950 ↗ · PMID 19033385 ↗ · PMID 19081074 ↗ · PMID 19893491 ↗ · PMID 20308065 ↗ · PMID 23093407 ↗ · PMID 24687993 ↗ · PMID 25422469 ↗ · PMID 26080397 ↗ · PMID 30538141 ↗ · PMID 31505170 ↗ |
| 交互作用 | SARS-CoV-2 感染期間，HDAC6 與 G3BP1 的互作增加；這會促進 G3BP1 與病毒 N protein 的關聯，破壞細胞壓力顆粒形成，並有利於病毒複製。 | 含實驗來源 | 證據與來源(Microbial infection) Interacts with G3BP1; the interaction increases during SARS-CoV-2 infection, promoting the association of G3BP1 with the viral N protein which disrupts stress granule formation and facilitates viral replication PMID 39135075 ↗ |
| 細胞定位 | HDAC6 主要位於細胞質並與微管相關，也可在細胞質與細胞核之間移動。valine 結合其靈長類特有 SE14 重複區域時，HDAC6 留在細胞質；缺乏 valine 會誘發細胞核定位。增殖細胞中的 HDAC6 僅見於細胞質，分化時部分進入細胞核；DNA 損傷後也可能轉位至細胞核。 | 含實驗來源 | 證據與來源Cytoplasm; Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton; Nucleus; Perikaryon; Cell projection, dendrite; Cell projection, axon; Cell projection, cilium; Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton, microtubule organizing center, centrosome; Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton, cilium basal body; Mainly cytoplasmic where it is associated with microtubules. Can shuttle between the cytoplasm and the nucleus. Retained in the cytoplasm by binding to valine via the primate-specific SE14 repeat region while valine deprivation induces nuclear localization. Found exclusively in the cytoplasm in proliferative cells with a fraction found in the nucleus during differentiation (By similarity). May translocate to the nucleus following DNA damage PMID 12024216 ↗ · PMID 24687993 ↗ · PMID 26246421 ↗ · PMID 30770470 ↗ · PMID 39567688 ↗ · PMID 24882211 ↗ · PMID 26080397 ↗ · PMID 17604723 ↗ |
| 調控 | SARS-CoV-2 感染期間，病毒 N protein 會降低 HDAC6 的蛋白酶體降解，使 HDAC6 穩定性提高並造成其量上升。 | 含實驗來源 | 證據與來源(Microbial infection) Up-regulated by the presence of SARS-CoV-2 N protein during viral infection. The SARS-CoV-2 N protein enhances HDAC6 stability during infection by reducing its proteasomal degradation, leading to elevated HDAC6 levels PMID 39135075 ↗ |
| 疾病關聯 | HDAC6 基因變異與軟骨發育不全伴扁平椎、特異性短指、腦積水及小眼症（CDP-PBHM）有關。疾病可見嚴重扁平椎、腦積水、小眼症，以及掌骨、蹠骨與指（趾）骨幹骺端杯狀變形；女性患者表現較輕，可能身材矮小，並伴隨身體不對稱或輕度智能障礙。 | 含實驗來源 | 證據與來源Chondrodysplasia with platyspondyly, distinctive brachydactyly, hydrocephaly, and microphthalmia CDP-PBHM A disease characterized by chondrodysplasia, severe platyspondyly, hydrocephaly, and facial features with microphthalmia. Bone abnormalities include a distinctive metaphyseal cupping of the metacarpals, metatarsals, and phalanges. Affected females show a milder phenotype with small stature, sometimes associated with body asymmetry and mild intellectual disability. The disease is caused by variants affecting the gene represented in this entry MIM: 300863 PMID 20181727 ↗ |
核酸與蛋白質序列
GGTTGAAGGAACGGGGCAGTCCCCTGAGGAGCGGGGCTGG40TTGAAACGCTAGGGGCGGGATCTGGCGGAGTGGAAGAACC80GCGGCAGGGGCCAAGCCTCCTCAACTATGACCTCAACCGG120CCAGGATTCCACCACAACCAGGCAGCGAAGAAGTAGGCAG160AACCCCCAGTCGCCCCCTCAGGACTCCAGTGTCACTTCGA200AGCGAAATATTAAAAAGGGAGCCGTTCCCCGCTCTATCCC240CAATCTAGCGGAGGTAAAGAAGAAAGGCAAAATGAAGAAG280CTCGGCCAAGCAATGGAAGAAGACCTAATCGTGGGACTGC320AAGGGATGGATCTGAACCTTGAGGCTGAAGCACTGGCTGG360CACTGGCTTGGTGTTGGATGAGCAGTTAAATGAATTCCAT400TGCCTCTGGGATGACAGCTTCCCGGAAGGCCCTGAGCGGC440TCCATGCCATCAAGGAGCAACTGATCCAGGAGGGCCTCCT480AGATCGCTGCGTGTCCTTTCAGGCCCGGTTTGCTGAAAAG520GAAGAGCTGATGTTGGTTCACAGCCTAGAATATATTGATC560TGATGGAAACAACCCAGTACATGAATGAGGGAGAACTCCG600TGTCCTAGCAGACACCTACGACTCAGTTTATCTGCATCCG640AACTCATACTCCTGTGCCTGCCTGGCCTCAGGCTCTGTCC680TCAGGCTGGTGGATGCGGTCCTGGGGGCTGAGATCCGGAA720TGGCATGGCCATCATTAGGCCTCCTGGACATCACGCCCAG760CACAGTCTTATGGATGGCTATTGCATGTTCAACCACGTGG800CTGTGGCAGCCCGCTATGCTCAACAGAAACACCGCATCCG840GAGGGTCCTTATCGTAGATTGGGATGTGCACCACGGTCAA880GGAACACAGTTCACCTTCGACCAGGACCCCAGTGTCCTCT920ATTTCTCCATCCACCGCTACGAGCAGGGTAGGTTCTGGCC960cDNA 使用 DNA 字母 T；mRNA 模式改以 U 顯示。轉錄本保留已註解的非編碼區，未另外加入 poly(A) 尾；非編碼 RNA 的參考轉錄本也可能仍需後續加工。數字為所選序列的 1-based 位置。長序列以黃色捲軸瀏覽，可複製或下載完整轉錄本與蛋白質；基因組 DNA 隨捲動取得所需範圍。