基因總覽
CALM1 是蛋白質編碼基因，產物 calmodulin 1 屬於 calmodulin 家族。這種蛋白質是細胞內的鈣離子感應分子；其功能依賴鈣離子結合，能將鈣訊號連結至多種蛋白質的調控。calmodulin 1 也參與中心體週期與細胞質分裂進程相關的調控路徑，並出現在整合壓力反應沉默因子（SIFI）複合體中。其結構包含四個 EF-hand，提供鈣離子結合相關的功能區域。
基因異名與舊稱
異名取自 HGNC，可能包含歷史名稱；蛋白質名稱以 UniProt 註解為準。
染色體位置與基因結構
查看實際轉錄本與 exon 註解
| Transcript | Genomic coordinates | Exons |
|---|---|---|
| ENST00000356978 ★ | 90,397,029–90,408,268 | 6 |
| ENST00000557020 | 90,396,502–90,404,496 | 5 |
| ENST00000971957 | 90,397,028–90,404,785 | 6 |
| ENST00001003655 | 90,397,028–90,405,606 | 7 |
| ENST00001003657 | 90,397,028–90,404,963 | 6 |
| ENST00001041206 | 90,397,028–90,405,607 | 6 |
| ENST00001093220 | 90,397,028–90,404,801 | 3 |
| ENST00001093221 | 90,397,028–90,404,801 | 5 |
| ENST00001093223 | 90,397,028–90,404,802 | 4 |
| ENST00001121540 | 90,397,028–90,408,265 | 6 |
| ENST00001125967 | 90,397,028–90,405,610 | 6 |
| ENST00001134164 | 90,397,028–90,408,268 | 6 |
顯示 12/17 個蛋白質編碼轉錄本；canonical 優先。
帶型與著絲點依 Ensembl 座標繪製；核染色體長度以 GRCh38 第 1 號染色體為共同尺度。黃色標記表示本基因位置，細小區間加粗以利辨識；實際基因長度與 exon 見下方資料。
分子功能與生物學過程
calmodulin 1 是鈣訊號傳遞路徑中的調節者。鈣離子結合是其活化所必需的條件；結合後，calmodulin 1 可控制多種酵素、離子通道、水通道蛋白及其他蛋白質。受調節的酵素包括肌球蛋白輕鏈激酶與鈣／calmodulin依賴性蛋白激酶II（CaMK2）等蛋白激酶，以及磷酸酶，因而將鈣訊號傳遞至不同的蛋白質反應。
在離子通道調控方面，calmodulin 1 調節電壓依賴型L型鈣通道，並介導 CACNA1C 的鈣依賴性失活；它也正向調節 KCNN2 的鈣活化鉀通道活性。與 KCNQ1 形成鉀通道複合體後，鈣離子結合可調整該通道的電生理活動。這些作用顯示其能依細胞內鈣訊號改變通道調控狀態。
calmodulin 1 亦作為感應分子，調節由 VMP1:ATP2A2 介導的內質網與其他胞器接觸；此外，它與 CCP110、centrin 一同參與調控中心體週期及細胞質分裂進程的路徑。它也是 SIFI 多蛋白複合體的組成成分；該複合體在特定壓力事件解除後，負責關閉粒線體壓力反應。
在微生物感染相關的資料中，calmodulin 1 是 Legionella pneumophila SidJ 麩醯胺酸化酶活性所需的因子；對於 C.violaceum CopC 與 S.flexneri OspC3 的精胺酸 ADP-riboxanase 活性也屬必要。這些描述指出它可被病原體相關蛋白利用，但來源未進一步說明這些作用在感染過程中的細胞或生理後果。
Promoter 與基因調控
>CALM1 ENST00000356978 GRCh38 chr14:90396029-90397129 strand=1 5′→3′ 相對 TSS：-1000 到 +100 bp；1101 bp 依轉錄本 TSS 擷取的基因組序列；TSS = 0，兩端包含，未驗證為 promoter ATAGTCTTTTAAAAGGAATATAATCAAAACTGTAGTTTAAAATACAATCTAGCTCCATAAGAGAGGCAAT TGGCTGTGTGTTCCACTTGTAATGCAGAGGATTTGAAGCATCTATTTTTTCCCTTGTTTCTATGGATTTA TGAATAAAGACTCTGACCCTTCTCAGGATCAGGAAAATTACGAAAAATTTAAAGCCTGGGTTTAAGGTCT GTAGAAGCTGCACAGGTACACTAATTTTAGTAAGACGGGCGCCAGGAAAAAGAACAAAATAGTAGGGGAG AAATATTCAGGCATCCTAAAAAATATTCAGTGGAAACGTAAAAACATTAAAGACTGATTAAACATCGCAG CATGACACAGATTTAGCAACTGAGCATAAATAATTTGACTCGGATACTGCTCCAAAATCCGAAGAGGACC AATTTCTTCCAGGAGGACAACTACCTCGTCCTCTGCAGACCCCTCTCCTCGGCAGCTGAAGGAGTGTGGC CAATCTGCCTCCACCTCCCCGCGGACCCCCTACTCTCAGGACCTCCTGCAGCACCCCAAACTGGAAGTGG CCGCTGCAGACCCAAGGACGAGGGGCACGCGGGAGCCGGCAGCCCTAGTGGAGCGGTTGGAGATGTTGAG GTGGGAGGGTCACCCAGGTGGGGTGAGGCTGGGGTAGGTAGCGGAGTGAACGGCTTCCGAAGCTCTGGGC CGCCCCCAGGTTGGACTAAGCAGGCGCTCTGTCTTCGCCCCCGCCCAGGGTGGGCGTCTCCTGAGGACTC CCCGCCACACCTGACCCGAGACCGCGCGCCCAGCCTAGAACGCTTCCCCGACCCAGCGTAGGGCCGCCGC GACTGGCGCGCAGGGGGCGGCGGGAGGCCTGGCGAACCCGGGGGCGGGACCAGGCGGGCAAGGCCCGGCT GCCGCAGCGCCGCTCTGCGCGAGGCGGCTCCGCCGCGGCGGAGGGATACGGCGCACCATATATATATCGC GGGGCGCAGACTCGCGCTCCGGCAGTGGTGCTGGGAGTGTCGTGGACGCCGTGCCGTTACTCGTAGTCAG GCGGCGGCGCAGGCGGCGGCGGCGGCATAGCGCACAGCGCGCCTTAGCAGC
EPDnew 實驗支持 promoter／TSS · 1 筆
| EPDnew ID | TSS（1-based） | 股向 | 來源顯示區間 |
|---|---|---|---|
| CALM1_1 ↗ | 14:90,397,029 | 正股 | 90,396,980–90,397,039 |
EPDnew human v006 · UCSC hg38，GRCh38/hg38，透過 UCSC 取得。TSS 具有 CAGE／RAMPAGE 等實驗資料支持；任意擷取的上下游區間仍需另行判讀調控功能，不能視為整段皆經功能驗證。
EPD 封存狀態 ↗ · UCSC 資料說明 ↗ · EPD team, SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics; UCSC Genome Browser · CC BY 4.0
查看已取得的調控／motif 註解
ENSR14_BMXD8 · promoter · 90396539–90397066 · regulatory
ENSR14_93BTQN · promoter · 90397202–90397702 · regulatory
ENSR14_93BTQS · promoter · 90397772–90398272 · regulatory
ENSR14_5R94BD · CTCF_binding_site · 90397802–90397823 · regulatory
ENSR14_5R94CK · CTCF_binding_site · 90398058–90398079 · regulatory
ENSR14_5R94D6 · CTCF_binding_site · 90398183–90398204 · regulatory
ENSR14_93BTR3 · promoter · 90398575–90399075 · regulatory
ENSR14_CBZ7C · enhancer · 90399076–90400469 · regulatory
ENSR14_5R94M4 · CTCF_binding_site · 90399682–90399703 · regulatory
· motif · 90396300–90396311 · motif
· motif · 90396656–90396671 · motif
· motif · 90396671–90396680 · motif
· motif · 90396675–90396686 · motif
· motif · 90396762–90396775 · motif
· motif · 90396773–90396786 · motif
· motif · 90396903–90396916 · motif
· motif · 90396908–90396918 · motif
· motif · 90397088–90397101 · motif
· motif · 90397169–90397182 · motif
· motif · 90397532–90397545 · motif
· motif · 90397606–90397619 · motif
· motif · 90397804–90397820 · motif
· motif · 90397854–90397867 · motif
· motif · 90397929–90397940 · motif
· motif · 90398060–90398076 · motif
· motif · 90398185–90398201 · motif
· motif · 90398432–90398446 · motif
· motif · 90398592–90398605 · motif
· motif · 90399670–90399687 · motif
· motif · 90399684–90399700 · motif
· motif · 90399760–90399775 · motif
蛋白質結構域與序列
參考蛋白質長度：149 aa
calmodulin 1 長149個胺基酸，屬於 calmodulin 家族，含有四個 EF-hand 結構域。其第77至149位胺基酸區段被註記為與 PCP4 互作所需且足以支持該互作的區域。
蛋白質三維結構
細胞內定位
細胞間期時，calmodulin 1 分布於細胞各處；有絲分裂期間則明顯集中至紡錘體兩極及紡錘微管。 來源亦記錄其位於中心體、纖毛與鞭毛等位置。
深綠色圓點：來源記載的蛋白質定位；數量不表示含量。
未繪示構造：Cell projection, cilium, flagellum。這些構造未在通用細胞圖中標點，仍保留來源定位名稱。
動物細胞結構示意；器官大小與數量不按比例。點選細胞構造可查看定位註解。
交互作用與訊號網絡
拖曳節點後放開可帶動位置變化；點選夥伴查看證據。位置與連線長度不代表結合強度，圖中未推定夥伴彼此之間的關係。
更多交互作用夥伴 · 已取得 2 個夥伴
- IDH1O75874 · UniProt INTERACTION · 7 experiments
- IQSEC2Q5JU85 · UniProt INTERACTION · 2 experiments
calmodulin 1 可形成同源四聚體，並作為 SIFI 複合體及 NALCN channelosome 的組成成分；在後者中與 NALCN 互作。它與多種通道及調節蛋白有直接互作，包括 KCNQ1、RYR2、KCNN2、MIP、PCP4、PIK3C3 與 CACNA1C。互作條件依對象而異：例如與 USP6、SLC9A1 的互作具鈣依賴性，與 KCNQ2/KCNQ3 的互作則為不依賴鈣、持續存在。
感染相關互作包括與 Rubella virus p150、Legionella pneumophila SidJ、C.violaceum CopC，以及 S.flexneri OspC1 和 OspC3 結合。C.violaceum CopC 特異結合未結合鈣離子的 calmodulin；S.flexneri OspC1 和 OspC3 也偏好此 apo 形式，並阻止鈣離子結合。
疾病與遺傳關聯
CALM1 變異與兒茶酚胺誘發的多形性心室頻脈4型（CPVT4）及長QT症候群14型（LQT14）相關。CPVT4 為常染色體顯性遺傳的心律不整疾病，可能在身體活動或情緒壓力後出現雙向心室頻脈、暈厥或猝死，並可能惡化為心搏停止。LQT14 的特徵包括心電圖 QT 間期延長及多形性心室心律不整，也可能在運動或情緒壓力後發生暈厥或猝死；嬰兒期猝死亦可作為初次事件。資料將兩者與影響 CALM1 的變異相連結。
Contextual Functional Evidence Matrix
矩陣以「功能主張」為列，以細胞情境、干預條件、量測結果與證據來源為欄，方便比較同一功能在不同條件下的支持情形。只有含情境與實驗資訊的紀錄會列入矩陣；一般功能註解另列於下方。
功能註解總覽 · 11 筆
| 功能面向 | 功能敘述 | 證據類型 | 可查核來源 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 功能 | calmodulin 1 需先結合鈣離子才能活化，並藉此調節多種酵素、離子通道、水通道蛋白及其他蛋白質。其受調節酵素包括肌球蛋白輕鏈激酶、CaMK2 等蛋白激酶與磷酸酶。它也參與中心體週期及細胞質分裂相關路徑，調控多種鈣通道與鉀通道，感應 VMP1:ATP2A2 介導的胞器接觸，並為 SIFI 複合體成分；該複合體在特定壓力事件解除後關閉粒線體壓力反應。 | 含實驗來源 | 證據與來源Calmodulin acts as part of a calcium signal transduction pathway by mediating the control of a large number of enzymes, ion channels, aquaporins and other proteins through calcium-binding. Calcium-binding is required for the activation of calmodulin. Among the enzymes to be stimulated by the calmodulin-calcium complex are a number of protein kinases, such as myosin light-chain kinases and calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II (CaMK2), and phosphatases. Together with CCP110 and centrin, is involved in a genetic pathway that regulates the centrosome cycle and progression through cytokinesis. Is a regulator of voltage-dependent L-type calcium channels. Mediates calcium-dependent inactivation of CACNA1C. Positively regulates calcium-activated potassium channel activity of KCNN2. Forms a potassium channel complex with KCNQ1 and regulates electrophysiological activity of the channel via calcium-binding. Acts as a sensor to modulate the endoplasmic reticulum contacts with other organelles mediated by VMP1:ATP2A2. Component of the silencing factor of the integrated stress response (SIFI) complex, a multiprotein complex required to turn off the mitochondrial stress response after a specific stress event has been resolved PMID 16760425 ↗ · PMID 23893133 ↗ · PMID 25441029 ↗ · PMID 26969752 ↗ · PMID 27165696 ↗ · PMID 28890335 ↗ · PMID 31454269 ↗ · PMID 35568036 ↗ · PMID 38297121 ↗ · PMID 40328314 ↗ · PMID 40875847 ↗ |
| 功能 | 在微生物感染相關情境中，calmodulin 1 是 Legionella pneumophila SidJ 麩醯胺酸化酶活性所需的因子。 | 含實驗來源 | 證據與來源(Microbial infection) Required for Legionella pneumophila SidJ glutamylase activity PMID 31330532 ↗ |
| 功能 | 在微生物感染相關情境中，calmodulin 1 是 C.violaceum CopC 與 S.flexneri OspC3 精胺酸 ADP-riboxanase 活性所需的因子。 | 含實驗來源 | 證據與來源(Microbial infection) Required for C.violaceum CopC and S.flexneri OspC3 arginine ADP-riboxanase activity PMID 35338844 ↗ · PMID 35446120 ↗ · PMID 36423631 ↗ · PMID 36624349 ↗ |
| 交互作用 | calmodulin 1 可形成同源四聚體，並參與 SIFI 與 NALCN channelosome 複合體；後者中與 NALCN 互作。它與多種蛋白質及通道結合，部分互作受鈣離子影響，部分則不依賴鈣。與 KCNQ1 的互作可形成 KCNQ1:CALM 化學計量比為4:4的異源八聚體；與兩個 MIP 次單元的胞質區域互作可促進水通道關閉。它也調節 RYR2、KCNN2 等通道功能，並參與其他蛋白質互作。 | 含實驗來源 | 證據與來源Homotetramer. Component of the SIFI complex, which is a dimer of 2 heterotrimers, comprising two copies each of UBR4, KCMF1 and calmodulin (CALM1, CALM2 or CALM3). Component of the NALCN channelosome complex; within the complex interacts with NALCN. Interacts with MYO1C, MYO5A and RRAD. Interacts with MYO10 (By similarity). Interacts with CEP97, CCP110, TTN/titin and SRY. Interacts with USP6; the interaction is calcium dependent. Interacts with CDK5RAP2. Interacts with SCN5A. Interacts with RYR1. Interacts with FCHO1. Interacts with MIP in a 1:2 stoichiometry; the interaction with the cytoplasmic domains from two MIP subunits promotes MIP water channel closure. Interacts with ORAI1; this may play a role in the regulation of ORAI1-mediated calcium transport (By similarity). Interacts with IQCF1 (By similarity). Interacts with SYT7 (By similarity). Interacts with CEACAM1 (via cytoplasmic domain); this interaction is in a calcium dependent manner and reduces homophilic cell adhesion through dissociation of dimer (By similarity). Interacts with RYR2; regulates RYR2 calcium-release channel activity. Interacts with PCP4; regulates calmodulin calcium-binding. Interacts with the heterotetrameric KCNQ2 and KCNQ3 channel; the interaction is calcium-independent, constitutive and participates in the proper assembly of a functional heterotetrameric M channel. Interacts with alpha-synuclein/SNCA. Interacts with SLC9A1 in a calcium-dependent manner. In the absence of Ca(+2), interacts with GIMAP4 (via IQ domain) (By similarity). Interacts with SCN8A; the interaction modulates the inactivation rate of SCN8A (By similarity). Interaction with KIF1A; the interaction is increased in presence of calcium and increases neuronal dense core vesicles motility. Interacts with KCNN3. Interacts with KCNQ1 (via C-terminus); forms a heterooctameric structure (with 4:4 KCNQ1:CALM stoichiometry) in a calcium-independent manner. Interacts with PIK3C3; the interaction modulates PIK3C3 kinase activity. Interacts with HINT1; interaction increases in the presence of calcium ions (By similarity). Interacts with HINT3 (By similarity). Interacts with GARIN2; in mature sperm flagella (By similarity). Interacts with IQUB (By similarity). Interacts with SLC26A5 (via STAS domain); this interaction is calcium-dependent and the STAS domain interacts with only one lobe of CALM which is an elongated conformation. Ca(2+)-bound CALM1 binds CNGA1:CNGB1 channel (via CaM1 and CaM2 regions); this interaction modulates the affinity of the channel for cNMPs in response to intracellular Ca(2+) levels. Interacts with ITPR1; this interaction inhibits inositol 1,4,5 trisphosphate binding in both the presence and absence of calcium and 1,4,5 trisphosphate-induced calcium release in the presence of calcium (By similarity). Interacts with KCNN4; this interaction allows channel opening. Interacts with KCNN2; this interaction regulates the channel activity through calcium-binding (By similarity). Interacts with IQSEC1 (via IQ and SEC7 domains) PMID 12485993 ↗ · PMID 12577052 ↗ · PMID 12871148 ↗ · PMID 15719022 ↗ · PMID 15746192 ↗ · PMID 16127172 ↗ · PMID 16299511 ↗ · PMID 16760425 ↗ · PMID 17719545 ↗ · PMID 18165683 ↗ · PMID 18650434 ↗ · PMID 20466722 ↗ · PMID 21167176 ↗ · PMID 22484487 ↗ · PMID 23109337 ↗ · PMID 23607618 ↗ · PMID 23893133 ↗ · PMID 25441029 ↗ · PMID 25582440 ↗ · PMID 26164367 ↗ · PMID 27516456 ↗ · PMID 27564677 ↗ · PMID 27876793 ↗ · PMID 28890335 ↗ · PMID 29724949 ↗ |
| 交互作用 | 在微生物感染相關情境中，calmodulin 1 與 Rubella virus 蛋白酶／甲基轉移酶 p150 互作。 | 含實驗來源 | 證據與來源(Microbial infection) Interacts with Rubella virus protease/methyltransferase p150 PMID 20086014 ↗ |
| 交互作用 | 在微生物感染相關情境中，calmodulin 1 與 Legionella pneumophila 麩醯胺酸化酶 SidJ 互作。 | 含實驗來源 | |
| 交互作用 | 在微生物感染相關情境中，calmodulin 1 與 C.violaceum CopC 互作；CopC 特異性結合未結合鈣離子的 calmodulin 形式。 | 含實驗來源 | 證據與來源(Microbial infection) Interacts with C.violaceum CopC. C.violaceum CopC interacts specifically with the apo form of calmodulin PMID 35338844 ↗ · PMID 35446120 ↗ · PMID 36423631 ↗ |
| 交互作用 | 在微生物感染相關情境中，calmodulin 1 與 S.flexneri OspC1、OspC3 互作。OspC1 與 OspC3 特異性結合未結合鈣離子的 calmodulin，並阻止鈣離子結合。 | 含實驗來源 | 證據與來源(Microbial infection) Interacts with S.flexneri OspC1 and OspC3. S.flexneri OspC1 and OspC3 interact specifically with the apo form of calmodulin and prevents calcium-binding PMID 35568036 ↗ · PMID 36624349 ↗ |
| 細胞定位 | calmodulin 1 在間期分布於細胞各處；有絲分裂時則顯著集中於紡錘體兩極及紡錘微管。另記錄於細胞骨架、中心體及纖毛、鞭毛等位置。 | 含實驗來源 | 證據與來源Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton, spindle; Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton, spindle pole; Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton, microtubule organizing center, centrosome; Cell projection, cilium, flagellum; Distributed throughout the cell during interphase, but during mitosis becomes dramatically localized to the spindle poles and the spindle microtubules PMID 16760425 ↗ · PMID 14654843 ↗ |
| 疾病關聯 | CALM1 變異與兒茶酚胺誘發的多形性心室頻脈4型（CPVT4）相關，該病為常染色體顯性遺傳的心律不整。患者可能在運動或情緒壓力後出現反覆暈厥、癲癇發作或猝死；壓力誘發的雙向心室頻脈可能進一步惡化為心搏停止或猝死。資料指出 CALM1 突變可造成此病。 | 含實驗來源 | 證據與來源Ventricular tachycardia, catecholaminergic polymorphic, 4 CPVT4 An arrhythmogenic disorder characterized by stress-induced, bidirectional ventricular tachycardia that may degenerate into cardiac arrest and cause sudden death. Patients present with recurrent syncope, seizures, or sudden death after physical activity or emotional stress. CPVT4 inheritance is autosomal dominant. The disease is caused by variants affecting the gene represented in this entry. Mutations in CALM1 are the cause of CPVT4 MIM: 614916 PMID 23040497 ↗ · PMID 26164367 ↗ · PMID 27165696 ↗ · PMID 27516456 ↗ |
| 疾病關聯 | 影響 CALM1 的變異與長QT症候群14型（LQT14）相關。此心臟疾病以心電圖 QT 間期延長及多形性心室心律不整為特徵，運動或情緒壓力後可能發生暈厥或猝死；嬰兒期猝死也可能是首次事件。資料描述的是變異關聯，未提供個別變異的詳細作用。 | 含實驗來源 | 證據與來源Long QT syndrome 14 LQT14 A form of long QT syndrome, a heart disorder characterized by a prolonged QT interval on the ECG and polymorphic ventricular arrhythmias. They cause syncope and sudden death in response to exercise or emotional stress, and can present with a sentinel event of sudden cardiac death in infancy. The disease is caused by variants affecting the gene represented in this entry MIM: 616247 PMID 23388215 ↗ · PMID 24076290 ↗ · PMID 25036739 ↗ · PMID 26164367 ↗ · PMID 26969752 ↗ · PMID 27165696 ↗ · PMID 28158429 ↗ · PMID 31454269 ↗ |
核酸與蛋白質序列
GGCAGTGGTGCTGGGAGTGTCGTGGACGCCGTGCCGTTAC40TCGTAGTCAGGCGGCGGCGCAGGCGGCGGCGGCGGCATAG80CGCACAGCGCGCCTTAGCAGCAGCAGCAGCAGCAGCGGCA120TCGGAGGTACCCCCGCCGTCGCAGCCCCCGCGCTGGTGCA160GCCACCCTCGCTCCCTCTGCTCTTCCTCCCTTCGCTCGCA200CCATGGCTGATCAGCTGACCGAAGAACAGATTGCTGAATT240CAAGGAAGCCTTCTCCCTATTTGATAAAGATGGCGATGGC280ACCATCACAACAAAGGAACTTGGAACTGTCATGAGGTCAC320TGGGTCAGAACCCAACAGAAGCTGAATTGCAGGATATGAT360CAATGAAGTGGATGCTGATGGTAATGGCACCATTGACTTC400CCCGAATTTTTGACTATGATGGCTAGAAAAATGAAAGATA440CAGATAGTGAAGAAGAAATCCGTGAGGCATTCCGAGTCTT480TGACAAGGATGGCAATGGTTATATCAGTGCAGCAGAACTA520CGTCACGTCATGACAAACTTAGGAGAAAAACTAACAGATG560AAGAAGTAGATGAAATGATCAGAGAAGCAGATATTGATGG600AGACGGACAAGTCAACTATGAAGAATTCGTACAGATGATG640ACTGCAAAATGAAGACCTACTTTCAACTCCTTTTTCCCCC680CTCTAGAAGAATCAAATTGAATCTTTTACTTACCTCTTGC720AAAAAAAAGAAAAAAGAAAAAAGTTCATTTATTCATTCTG760TTTCTATATAGCAAAACTGAATGTCAAAAGTACCTTCTGT800CCACACACACAAAATCTGCATGTATTGGTTGGTGGTCCTG840TCCCCTAAAGATCAAGCTACACATCAGTTTTACAATATAA880ATACTTGTACTACCTTAATGATAAGGACTCCTTAAAGTTC920CATTTGCTAATGATTAATACACTGTTTGGGCTGGCCAGTT960cDNA 使用 DNA 字母 T；mRNA 模式改以 U 顯示。轉錄本保留已註解的非編碼區，未另外加入 poly(A) 尾；非編碼 RNA 的參考轉錄本也可能仍需後續加工。數字為所選序列的 1-based 位置。長序列以黃色捲軸瀏覽，可複製或下載完整轉錄本與蛋白質；基因組 DNA 隨捲動取得所需範圍。